With almost , male escort profiles online, one thing is clear: This is a frequently asked question, but not an easy one to answer. Most researchers agree that the numbers of male sex workers worldwide have increased in recent decades. There is also some agreement on the drivers of that growth, which include: All these factors have increased the visibility of and improved access to what has been a highly stigmatised activity for client and sex worker alike. And while sections of the industry have expanded, notably online escorting, older sectors such as street work have experienced significant decline in Western contexts see UK inquiry into prostitution.
However, these estimates are likely to vary between countries. A Foundation Scelles report estimates the number of sex workers worldwide at about 42 million, with about 8 million thought to be men. Some interesting and consistent observations about the male sex industry have emerged. Male sex workers are, generally speaking, more likely than female sex workers to initiate contact with clients electronically and to work as private escorts rather than in a brothel-based environment.
Male sex workers working in the online environment, generally speaking, have been found to enter the paid sex industry voluntarily and to work independently. Our research shows that globally there were , male escort profiles online worldwide. Sixty-one countries had websites listing male escorts from their countries, with an average of 10 male escorts websites per country.
Some countries had a much higher number of websites listing male escorts than others, with a range from one to forty-two. It is important to note that a number of websites that included escort profiles from around the world, such as Rentmen and Hourboy, were often hosted in countries where sex work was legal and these websites were among the largest overall. Regionally, South and Central America account for the highest number For example, in jurisdictions where sex work and homosexuality are criminalised, using online platforms to market services may be problematic, because the identification of the escort is revealed through information sharing.
Operating such sites may violate law, as evidenced via the Rentboy. Of the countries with the highest concentration of male sex work profiles on the internet see Table , same-sex relations were not criminalised in the following countries: By and large, the men on these websites seem to be selling to other men, with about 57 percent of the websites exclusively catering to guys.
However, 11 percent of the sites focused on men selling to women, and another 10 percent focused on men selling to couples. Incidentally, this study is one of just a handful academic papers ever to focus on male sex work. It offers some additional insight into the characteristics of these men because the data were obtained through interviews with the workers themselves rather than an analysis of online profiles. Here are some of the key findings: Of the 38 sex workers interviewed for this study, most were young 90 percent were under the age of 25 and 80 percent of them identified as gay or bisexual.
Many reported getting tips in addition to the base rate, though, which increased their salary by as much as 25 percent. On average, these men said they saw between two and four clients per week. About half had completed at least some college, and the vast majority 63 percent said that they had some type of job in addition to sex work. For clients, risks may include: Research suggests that the degree of violence against male prostitutes is somewhat lower than for female sex workers.
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Men working on the street and younger men appear to be at greatest risk of being victimized by clients. Conversely, the risk of being robbed or blackmailed posed to clients of sex workers appears to be much lower than many imagine.
This is especially true when clients hire sex workers through an established agency or when they hire men who have been consistently well reviewed by previous clients. The pimp is relatively rare in male prostitution in the West, where most prostitutes generally work independently or, less frequently, through an agency. Factors like the difference in age , in social status and in economic status between the sex worker and his client have been cited as major sources of social criticism.
The older member in such relationships may be referred as a "sugar daddy" or "sugar momma"; the young lover may be called a "kept boy" or "boy toy". They may be at a higher risk for health problems and abuse. Offering support and health care to such stigmatized people can be difficult due to a reluctance to disclose information about their work to health care professionals, which can also make male prostitutes difficult to identify in order to reach out to.
In recent years, some organizations directed specifically at helping male sex workers have been founded and some studies have begun on this little-studied population.
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For example, Richard Holcomb , a former sex worker, founded "Project Weber", [27] a harm reduction program in Providence , Rhode Island , that offers resources and support to male sex workers living on the streets, including a needle exchange and HIV testing. Holcomb cited the lack of data available on male commercial sex workers in the region as his reason for helping develop a survey to assess the needs of this population.
Project Weber recruited and surveyed 50 male sex workers living on the streets of Providence. Holcomb cited the fact that he and members of his team are former sex workers themselves as one of the primary reasons why they were able to gain access to the men in order to conduct this survey. Holcomb has also created several documentaries meant to draw attention to the subjects of male street prostitution and drug use.
Nearly One in Five Sex Workers Are Men
The topic of male prostitution has been examined by feminist theorists. Feminist theorists Justin Gaffney and Kate Beverley stated that the insights gained from research on male sex workers in central London allowed comparison between the experiences of the 'hidden' population of male prostitutes and the traditionally subordinate position of women in a patriarchal society. Gaffney and Beverley argue that male sex workers occupy a subordinate position in our society which, as with women, is ensured by hegemonic and patriarchal constructs. The male prostitute has been a common literary and cinematic stereotype in the West from the s onwards.
The male sex worker is often portrayed as a tragic figure; examples in film include Oscar-winning picture Midnight Cowboy about a tragic would-be gigolo, My Own Private Idaho about the friendship of two young hustlers, Mandragora about young runaways who are manipulated into the dark underground world of prostitution, and Mysterious Skin in which a hustler has a history of molestation.
The male prostitute may be presented as an impossible object of love or an idealized rebel, such as in The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone about a middle-aged woman and a young gigolo in a tragic tryst. Though less frequent in cinema and in novels, the gigolo a male prostitute with an exclusively female clientele is generally depicted as less tragic than the gay hustler.
The comedy-drama TV series Hung — is about a high school basketball coach who turns to prostitution to deal with financial troubles. Male prostitution is sometimes the subject of derisive humor, such as the slapstick farce Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo and its sequel From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 31 March Main article: Sex tourism.
Female sex tourism. Male prostitution in the arts. Sexuality portal LGBT portal. East Bay Express. Retrieved 18 November Retrieved BBC News. Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. James Press. Prostitution, Hustling, and Sex Work. The New York Times.
A Male Prostitute Answers 19 Questions About His Job | Thought Catalog
Retrieved 7 October Me, Us and Male Escorting. The First Lady.
John Blake Publishing Ltd. ABC News. Associated Press. USA Today. November 15, Las Vegas Review-Journal. New York Post.